Reggio Emilia often refers to children who need additional support as children with special rights. Here is a brief summary of some disorders and conditions that may require special consideration.
- Autism: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication, social interaction, and behavior. Children with autism may struggle with social skills, sensory processing, and communication. They may have difficulty with eye contact, making friends, and interpreting nonverbal cues. Some children with autism may have repetitive behaviors or interests and may have difficulty with transitions or changes in routine.
- Cerebral palsy: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect movement and coordination. It is caused by damage to the brain before, during, or shortly after birth. Children with cerebral palsy may have muscle weakness or stiffness, difficulty with fine motor skills, and problems with balance and coordination. Some children with cerebral palsy may also have intellectual or developmental disabilities.
- Dyslexia: Dyslexia is a learning disorder that affects reading ability. Children with dyslexia may have difficulty with phonemic awareness, decoding, and reading fluency. They may also struggle with spelling and writing. Dyslexia is not related to intelligence, and many children with dyslexia are of average or above-average intelligence.
- ADHD: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Children with ADHD may have difficulty paying attention, staying organized, and controlling their impulses. They may also be hyperactive and have difficulty sitting still or waiting their turn. ADHD can impact academic performance, social interactions, and self-esteem.
- Anxiety and depression: Anxiety and depression are mental health disorders that can affect children. Anxiety can cause excessive worry and fear, while depression can cause feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities. Children with anxiety and depression may have difficulty concentrating, sleeping, and may withdraw from social interactions.
- Sensory processing disorder: Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a condition in which the brain has difficulty processing sensory information. Children with SPD may be over-responsive or under-responsive to sensory input, which can affect their ability to participate in daily activities. They may also have difficulty with fine motor skills, balance, and coordination. Sensory processing disorder can impact a child’s social interactions and academic performance.
It’s important to note that each child is unique and may present with a range of symptoms and characteristics. If you suspect that the child may have one of these concerns, it’s best to start consultation with family and develop ISP – inclusion support plan in order to get referral to a qualified healthcare professional or educational specialist for an evaluation and appropriate support.
