Tag: theories of learning and development

EYLF 2.0 theories explained

~ Storykate ~ Leave a comment

According to the EYLF (AGDE, 2022), educators are informed by the range of theories and approaches when plan for and support children’s learning. Some theories you already know from the previous version of the EYLF (developmental, socio-cultural, feminist, critical), yet there are few new ones to unpack.

Developmental Theories

TheoryKey Concepts and Examples
Attachment TheoryKey theorist – John Bowbly. Focuses on children forming trusting relationships with significant adults. Example: A child forming a strong bond with a primary caregiver.
Social Learning TheoryHighlights how children observe and imitate others’ behavior. Example: A child learning to tie shoelaces by watching an older sibling. A negative example: A child learns to swear because they have heard their family language.
Cognitive TheoryPiaget theory is a tipical example of cognitive theory here. Describes thought processes influencing how children engage with their world. Example: A child using problem-solving skills to complete a puzzle. Stages of cognitive development can be used to decide whether the environment is appropriate for this age group.
EYLF THEORIES

Socio-Cultural Theories

TheoryKey Concepts and Examples
Socio-Cultural TheoriesTheorists that you probably know are: Vygotsky, Rogoff, Bronfenbrenner and Fleer. Emphasise the role of families and cultural groups in children’s learning. Example: A child learning cultural traditions and values from family members; a child has learned how to use a fishing rod , as they went fishing with their granpa.

Practice Theories

TheoryKey Concepts and Examples
Affordance TheoryThe theorist is Gibson. Affordance theory encourages educators to consider the possibilities the environment offers. Example: Providing a variety of materials to stimulate different types of play.
Practice ArchitecturesExamines educators’ understandings, practices, and relationships. Example: Reflecting on how educators communicate and collaborate in a learning environment.
Learn more about affordances theory

The term “affordance” is explained in this video

Ancestral Knowledges

TheoryKey Concepts and Examples
Ancestral KnowledgesWays of knowing shared through history and culture in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander traditions. For example, Possum Skin Pedagogy and 8 ways framework. Example: Passing down cultural stories orally from generation to generation.

Place-Based Sciences

TheoryKey Concepts and Examples
Place-Based SciencesRelated to Affordances and Ancestral knowledge theory. Fosters community connections based on local funds of knowledge. Example: Incorporating local cultural practices into the curriculum.

Critical Theories

TheoryKey Concepts and Examples
Critical TheoriesPaulo Freire, Jurgen Habermas. Critical theory challenges assumptions about curriculum and considers how decisions may impact children differently. Example: Questioning the inclusion of certain narratives or perspectives in educational materials.

Feminist/Post-structuralist Theories

TheoryKey Concepts and Examples
Feminist/Post-structuralistOffers insights into power, equity, and social justice in early childhood settings. Example: Examining gender biases in teaching materials and promoting inclusive practices.

Which of these theories are you most familiar with?

Which theory would you like to learn more about?

Moral Development theory by Lawrence Kohlberg

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Who is Lawrence Kohlberg: Lawrence Kohlberg, a visionary thinker from the late 20th century (1927–1987), left a mark on the study of moral development. His ideas, deeply rooted in the cognitive theories of Piaget, set the stage for a comprehensive exploration of how people grapple with ethical dilemmas. There are some limitations (related to gender) in this theory, so read along to find out more about L.K.

Key Ideas: At the core of Kohlberg’s theory is the belief that morality isn’t a fixed concept but a dynamic interplay of reflection, debate, and the courage to question established rules. It revolves around the ability to empathise, understand others’ feelings, and cultivate sympathy. These emotional and cognitive skills, Kohlberg posited, are crucial for evolving into a compassionate, responsible adult who can be an active contributor to society.

Stages: Kohlberg delineated six stages of moral development, grouped into three levels:

Level 1: Preconventional Morality

  1. Obedience and Punishment Orientation: Children want to avoid punishment; It is their primary focus.
  2. Individualism and Exchange: Actions are driven by self-interest and the desire for personal gain.

Level 2: Conventional Morality 3. Interpersonal Relationships: Conforming to social norms and seeking approval becomes crucial.

  1. Maintaining Social Order: Prioritizing rules and societal order is paramount.

Level 3: Postconventional Morality 5. Social Contract and Individual Rights: Recognition of social contracts and individual rights takes center stage. What does it mean? I do the right thing , because it is the right thing to do for the society.

  1. Universal Principles: Guided by universal ethical principles and a commitment to justice.

These stages, rather than being tied to age, reflect qualitative shifts in cognitive development. Progression is not linear, and individuals may vary in the time taken to move from one stage to the next.

Implications for Early Childhood Educators: We need to have professional knowledge about child’s development, so it is important to know about theories relevant to moral development too. Understanding Kohlberg’s stages provides educators with valuable insights. It informs educational practices, allowing us to tailor our teaching approaches to foster moral reasoning skills in children. Create learning environment that encourages empathy and thoughtful consideration of ethical issues. I use books and puppets for that.

https://youtu.be/363249RPxPo?si=UgcOsSW-tt-bDNFm

Critique: While Kohlberg’s theory has been influential, it’s not without criticism:

  1. Cultural Bias: The theory’s potential bias toward Western cultures raises concerns about its universal applicability.
  2. Gender Bias: Critics argue that the theory may not fully capture the moral development experiences of females, given its male-centric focus. I will talk more about another theorist who challenged Kohlberg and considered a “female” moral response.
  3. Linear Progression: The suggestion of a linear progression has been challenged, as real-life moral development is often more complex and multifaceted.
  4. Overemphasis on Reasoning: Kohlberg’s emphasis on moral reasoning neglects the role of emotions and intuitions in decision-making. Some people (and children) are just more intuitive.

What do you think about Kohlberg theory?
Does it resonate with you?